Topic: STORAGE DEVICES

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Hi everybody, today my crew will present to you Storage Devices topic.
So first of all, let me introduce to you something about them.
What are Storage devices?



Storage Devices are the data storage devices that are used in the computers to store the data. The computer has many types of data storage devices. Some of them can be classified as the removable data Storage Devices and  the others as the non removable data Storage Devices.
The memory is of two types; one is the primary memory and the other one is the secondary memory.

The primary memory is the kind of the memory that is erasable. Basically when we talk about the data storage devices it is generally assumed to be the secondary memory.

Secondary storage, or storage in popular usage, differs from primary storage in that it is not directly accessible by the CPU. The computer usually uses its input/output channels to access secondary storage and transfers the desired data. Secondary storage does not lose the data when the device is powered down—it is non-volatile. The secondary memory is used to store the data permanently in the computer which are usually as follows: hard disk drives, floppy disk drives, the CD ROM, and the DVD ROM. The flash memory…..
Storage devices have gone through a lot in its evolution since its first introduction in 1956. Throughout the years, technology improved in huge leaps and bounds, making it easier for computer hardware companies to create and integrate different kinds of storage devices. Every computer right now has its own storage device, sometimes big and sometime small.
The history of these devices dates back several decades. These devices have gone through a lot of changes in the past, but without these changes and innovations, storage devices today would be very different.
Now let me take you into the time tunnel, one by one storage device how to gradually change our digital life!

Punched Tape:

The Punched Tape is the first time in the history of human storage stylized way,  it was widely used for input to computers of the 1950s we can say is a first programming language, until now there are still some cases will continue to be similar to the use of, for example: college entrance exams.

Magnetic Tape:
Magnetic tape was first used to record computer data in 1951 that has been a golden icon for data storage for over 50 years

Floppy Disk :
Floppy Disk is the early removable storage device media The earliest floppy disks were developed in the late 1960s, both light and easy to carry, in the early PC: floppy disk can store Most of the capacity is 1.44MB,

Compact Disk:
Audio CDs and audio CD players have been commercially available since October 1982.
CD is very good traditional storage device, is now in almost any computer the necessary equipment.

Hard Drive:
First Hard Drive was Introduced by IBM in 1956, HDDs were a rare and very expensive additional feature on PCs; however by the late 1980s, their cost had been reduced to the point where they were standard on all
Hard Drive is now the most popular storage devices, the advantages of large capacity, fast read and write speeds and low prices HD is still irreplaceable computer storage.

USB flash drive:
USB flash drives were invented in April 1999

USB flash drive is believed to be a storage device that you use most often, the biggest benefit is the small size, easy to carry, large storage capacity, read and write very fast and hot-swap function

Cloud Service:

In the mid-1980 that it was suggested that The Network is the computer, through Network computing resources distributed to each unit computer, the advantage of almost unlimited capacity space and computing resources…. network connecting to the Internet speed will be increasingly faster and faster, Cloud Service gradually into everyone's life.
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 The history of technology is quite interesting. Many storage devices and other computer components today are really small compared to their old counter parts. Let me give you an example: the 305 RAMAC was the first ever hard drive (introduced by IBM in 1956). It weighted a ton, literally. The storage capacity of this device was only 5 MB. Recently, Kingston Introduces 'World's First' USB 3.0 Flash Drive which Just weighs less than 200 gram, and it could store data up to 1 TB or even more.
Technology has truly improved over the years and really a lot has changed over the years of its development.
Here’s classification of just how storage memory devices for computers have evolved ever since their inception:
Magnetic Storage:
Magnetic Tape
Magnetic tape has been a golden icon for data storage for over 50 years. You’ve seen them in movies where dials and rolls of tape keep spinning in super computers, to the commonly used audio & video cassettes of the 70s & 80s. Tape cartridges were frequently used with small computer systems. With the introduction of the IBM 3480 cartridge in 1984, large computer systems started to move away from open reel tapes and towards cartridges. The device that performs actual writing or reading of data is a tape drive.
Magnetic Disc
More popularly known as floppy discs, these discs store data using various electronic, magnetic, optical, or mechanical methods on a surface layer deposited of one or more planar, round and rotating platters, more commonly referred to as a disc. To read & write information, a disc drive is used. Floppy Discs were widely used during the 80s & 90s as the benchmark portable data storage devices for personal computers.
Hard Disc Drives
A hard disc drives (HDD) features rotating rigid platters (discs) on a motor-driven spindle within a protective enclosure. A typical hard disc drive has two electric motors; a disc motor to spin the discs and an actuator (motor) to position the read/write head assembly across the spinning discs. The disc motor has an external rotor attached to the discs; the stator windings are fixed in place.  Ever since they were introduced by IBM in 1956, hard disc drives have evolved from the large mechanical contraptions to more compact devices with exponential data storage capacity and tremendously lowered cost. This has allowed hard disc drives to become the most dominant device for data storage in commercial and personal computers from the early 1960s to date.
Optical Storage
Optical discs were the mainstream data storage device in the decade of the 90s and early 2000s. The data is stored and retrieved using a laser light beam focused precisely on a spinning disc. Optical discs are commonly used for storing music (e.g. for use in a CD player), video (e.g. for use in a DVD player), or data and programs for personal computers.
CD-ROM:  CD-ROM systems offer everything, from shareware programs to dictionaries and encyclopedias, from multimedia databases to 3-D games. A lot of institutions have discovered that CD-ROM is the most economical way of sharing information. In fact, one CD-ROM disk (650 MB) can replace 300,000 pages of text (about 500 floppies), which represents a lot of savings in distributing materials and corporate databases. In addition, CD-ROM drives can play music CDs while you work. Yet CD-ROM technology has one disadvantage: you cannot write anything onto a CD-ROM disk. You can only 'read' it, like a book.

CD-Recorders come in two different forms CD-R and CD-RW
CD-R: CD-R machines record on CD-R (write-once) disks, allowing you to create and duplicate CDs. CD-R retains a high level of compatibility with standard CD readersThey are used to back up hard disks or to distribute and archive information.
CD-RW: CD-RW (rewritable) disks can be erased and re-used, post as you would do with a hard disk.
CD-RW discs require a more sensitive laser optisc. Also, CD-RWs cannot be read in some CD-ROM drives built prior to 1997. CD-RW also have a shorter rewriting cycles life (ca. 1,000) compared to virtually all of the previously exposed types storage of media

DVD-ROM: Its main uses are video and data storage.
One step up from a CD-ROM, a DVD can store around 4 GB of information. Like CD's, they only store information, and cannot be written to without special equipment.
Physically the same size as a CD-ROM, a DVD has much more capacity for information. A standard DVD-ROM can carry 4.7GB of data which is over 6 times as much as a CD-ROM.
A DVD-ROM can hold 17 GB, about 25 times an ordinary CD-ROM. For this reason, it can store a large amount of multimedia software and complete Hollywood movies in different languages. They can also play music CDs and CD-ROMs

However, DVD-ROMs are 'read-only' devices. To avoid this limitation, companies also produce DVD-R and DVD rewritable disks
DVD-R: Once data is burnt onto a blank DVD-R, its contents cannot be modified
A DVD-R typically has a storage capacity of 4.71 GB (or 4.38 GiB), although the capacity of the original standard developed by Pioneer was 3.95 GB (3.68 GiB)


DVD-RW: The primary advantage of DVD-RW over DVD-R is the ability to erase and rewrite to a DVD-RW disc. According to Pioneer, DVD-RW discs may be written to about 1,000 times before needing replacement. DVD-RW discs are commonly used for volatile data, such as backups or collections of files. They are also increasingly used for home DVD video recorders.
Blu-ray Disc:
The first Blu-ray Disc prototypes were unveiled in October 2000, and its official release in June 2006.
 Blu-ray Disc (BD) is an optical disc storage medium designed to supersede the DVD format. The Blu-ray Discs contain 25 GB per layer, with dual layer discs (50 GB) being the industry standard for feature-length video discs. Triple layer discs (100 GB) and quadruple layers (150 GB) are available for BD-XL re-writer drives. The name Blu-ray Disc refers to the blue laser used to read the disc, which allows information to be stored at a greater density than is possible with the longer-wavelength red laser used for DVDs. The major application of Blu-ray Discs is as a medium for video material such as feature films. Besides the hardware specifications, Blu-ray Disc is associated with a set of multimedia formats. Generally, these formats allow for the video and audio to be stored with greater definition than on DVD.

Flash memory
Flash drives is a small data storage device that uses flash memory and has a built-in USB connection.
Flash drives are typically no more than two to three inches in length and less than an inch in width. Their size and shape may resemble a thumb or a small pen (which is where the names "thumb drive" and "pen drive" come from). Flash drives are also very thin, often having a depth of less than a centimeter. Because of their small form factor, they are highly portable and can easily fit in a pocket or on a keychain (hence the name "keychain drive").

Flash Memory is the most convenient methods of computer storage.
It comprises of a computer chip that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. This technology has gained mainstream popularity in the 2000s thanks to innovations in computer and mobile entertainment technologyNowadays you can find flash memory in nearly all computer equipment such as laptops, PDAs, digital portable audio players, digital cameras and mobile phones…
Flash memory cards
A memory card or flash memory card is a solid-state electronic flash memory data storage device used with digital cameras, handheld and Mobile computers, telephones, music players, video game consoles, and other electronics.
Nowadays, most new PCs have built-in slots for a variety of memory cards; Memory Stick, CompactFlash, SD, etc. Some digital gadgets support more than one memory card to ensure compatibility.

Cloud Computing:
In today’s morden world, one of the most trending practice in creating storage devices is that the smaller the size, the better. This practice is being kept in mind when computer companies create different kinds of technologies to store our data
Storage device nowadays are constantly being redesigned and refined to meet the needs of the users. Now, due to the increased popularity of the Internet, saving data (e.g photos, videos, documents) can now be done in the Internet or the “cloud”.This means that a user would not need any physical device to store his data, rather he would just need to have access to the Internet.

Sum up:

There are many ways of storing information and data for use with
modern computer systems and new developments are constantly being
made. Many changes have occurred since the first personal computers
were developed, allowing a lot more information to be stored in order  to satisfy anyone need.
This is the end of my presentation
And thank for your attention. We hope you have enjoyed learning about Storage Devices.